All three listeners are also running VLC configured to open network stream rtp://239.0.0.2:5004. They are dynamically registered to a multicast channel. In our network, multicast traffic is streamed from a host Source by the VLC media player to the multicast address 239.0.0.2, port 5004 towards three listeners (Picture 1). The example of this multicast protocol is the PIM Sparse Mode (PIM-SM). This concept assumes that members of the multicast group are sparsely distributed throughout the network and bandwidth is not necessarily widely available. In a Core-based tree, one router is selected as a Core or Rendezvous Point (RP) and all receivers build the shortest path to the core. There is only one path between every pair of routers, and the path is loop-free. Multicast routing is about building the forwarding trees from the sender to a group of receivers. However, only the group members can receive multicast messages. Any host, regardless of whether it is a member of a group, can send multicast traffic to a group. A group of hosts consists of both senders and receivers. Multicast Packets are delivered to group members that are identified by a single multicast group address. IP Multicasting enables a host to send packets to a specific group of hosts. What is Multicast routing and how does it Work? This includes a replication factor and replicated packet/bytes. Furthermore, Flexible NetFlow allows service providers to collect and export parameters related to multicast traffic. For this reason, we will focus on the configuration of Flexible NetFlow v9 that allows egress monitoring as well. As we will discuss later, an output interface is Null in case of ingress monitoring. Therefore, all multicast packets may not be counted. However, as NetFlow v5 supports only ingress monitoring, it is not possible to determine how a flow is replicated to output interfaces. When it comes to NetFlow, it has been supporting unicast and multicast traffic as well, since the legacy version 5. With the increasing popularity of multicast media applications, the monitoring of multicast traffic becomes more and more important.
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